Joomla! 1.5 nach 4.x Schritt für Schritt-Migration

From Joomla! Documentation

This page is a translated version of the page Joomla 1.5 to 4.x Step by Step Migration and the translation is 39% complete.
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Das ist eine Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung, eine 1.5-Site auf Joomla! 4.x zu migrieren. Es gibt viele Migrationswege, hier wird die grundsätzliche Prozedur beschrieben.

Einleitung

Von Joomla! 1.5 auf 4.x ist eine Major-Migration. Zwischen beiden Versionen liegen viele Änderungen an Funktionen und Datenbanktabellen. Es ist KEINE Aktualisierung auf einen Klick. Zuerst wird ein neues Joomla! 4 installiert, dann die Daten eingespielt. Hilfreiche Dokumente vor dem Beginn: Selbsteinschätzung und Planung

Zuerst wird zwischen Joomla!-Kerndaten und Dritthersteller-Erweiterungsdaten unterschieden. Joomla!-Kerndaten (Komponenten) sind:

  • Kategorien
  • Beiträge
  • Menüs
  • Module (Kernmodule, nicht Drittanbieter)
  • Banner
  • Kontakte
  • Nachrichten
  • Newsfeeds
  • Umleitungen
  • Suche
  • Suchindex

Schritt für Schritt

Joomla!-Kerndaten zu Verschieben ist mit Migrationswerkzeugen recht übersichtlich. Alles andere sind Erweiterungen von Drittherstellern oder eigens programmierte Erweiterungen. Das betrifft auch das Template. Jede Erweiterung eines Drittherstellers muß geprüft werden, ob sie für Joomla! 4.x geeignet ist und einen Migrationspfad hat. Der Planungsprozess muß vor der Migration erfolgen. Einige Erweiterungen von Drittherstellern können mit Migrationswerkzeugen von Drittherstellern migriert werden. Manche nicht - Lesen. Recherchieren. Planen.

Es gibt mehrere Wege, Daten zu migrieren. Da jede Site unterschiedlich ist, sind die Schritte von Site zu Site unterschiedlich.

Vorbereitung der Serverumgebung für Joomla! 4

  1. Die Serverumgebung muß den Technical Specifications for Joomla! 4 entsprechen, bevor der nächste Schritt erfolgt.
    Anmerkung: Erfüllt der Hoster nicht die technischen Anforderungen, sollte man den Hoster wechseln. Danach Joomla! 4.x im Server-Wurzelverzeichnis mit einer temporären Domain installieren. Damit wird das Liveschalten einfacher. Alternativ kann lokal eine Entwicklungsumgebung eingerichtet werden (siehe unten).
  2. Die neue Datenbank und einen neuen Benutzer für Joomla! 4.x erstellen. Name, Benutzername und Passwort der Datenbank für die Installation von Joomla! 4 notieren..

Aufbau einer Entwicklungs-Umgebung

  1. Eine Testsite erstellen mit einer dieser Möglichkeiten:
  2. Installation von Joomla! mit der aktuellsten Version in der Testumgebung mit dem neuen Datenbank-Name und -Benutzernamen.
    WARNUNG: DIE BESPIELDATEIEN NICHT INSTALLIEREN!
    NOTE: If you will be migrating any of the core extensions that will be decoupled from Joomla! 3.4+, then you will need to install Joomla 4.x AND the core supported extension. Core supported extensions will be accessible via the JED (extensions.joomla.org) and via the Install from web tab of the Extension Manager. Make sure you install any core supported extensions before migrating data. See the Roadmap for more details on what will be decoupled/removed. As of August 2021, only Weblinks has been decoupled.
  3. Run a backup of your Joomla 4 site. (Backup Basics for a Joomla! Web Site or see Suggested Tools)

Prepare Your Current 1.5 Site

  1. On your 1.5 site, update it to the latest version 1.5.26 after backing it up.
  2. Clean up your sections, categories, articles, modules, menu items. Make sure they all have unique aliases.
  3. Empty the trash in the content manager (sections, categories, articles), menu manager, module manager.
    NOTE: Sections no longer exist in Joomla 4. Sections become a parent Category. Categories become nested categories of the parent category.
  4. Notify users that any changes on the current site from this point forward will have to be reentered on the new site. For very complex migrations with changing data constantly, see this magazine article and this video.

Choose a migration tool

  1. There are many migration tools. Some are free, some cost a bit of money. Some only migrate certain data. Some migrate more types of data than others.
  2. Each migration tool will have their own step by step documentation on how to move data (if they don’t then don’t use it). Some migration tools will require the 1.5 site and 4 site on the same server. If you’re switching hosts, you will want to restore a *subdomain* of your 1.5 site on your new hosting account to pull the data from. Then kill it when you’re done.
  3. Migration tools can be found at the Extension Directory.
  4. When you choose a tool, choose one that allows you to keep the ItemIDs the same in the migration process. This is necessary to keep your search engine ranking intact or you may have more redirects to do. More information on redirects follow.
  5. If you have a small site, you may want to do the migration manually. Create categories and articles and copy the html over into your new site. Then copy the image directory over. Keep the /stories directory (which is no longer the default image directory in Joomla 4.x) or your image links will be broken until you fix each one.
  6. One of the migration tools (a free one) allows you to bring articles and only images associated with those articles over. This is helpful if your Media Manager is out of control.

Migration

  1. Migrate all core data you want to move to Joomla 4.x. If your migration tool asks to move Sections and Categories, definitely do both. The conversion will happen to categories and nested categories automatically.
  2. Run the Database Fix by going to Extension Manager → Database and click the Fix button in the top toolbar.
  3. Install your new template or converted template so that you can see your content. See more about Template Considerations.
  4. Add new menus if the tool you chose to use didn’t bring over menus. If you want to use split menus, set that up now.
  5. Add modules if the tool you chose to use didn’t bring over modules. If the tool you chose to use did bring over modules, change the module positions to the positions in your new template if required so that your modules show up and you can see what you’re working with.
  6. Check for duplicate alias issues and fix them.
  7. Check your internal links. If any are broken, fix them.
  8. Take a backup.
  9. Install other third-party extensions and configure them (for example editors, Akeeba backup, slideshows, or plugins).
  10. Take a backup.
  11. If you have large extensions with data to migrate, do each one according to the developer documentation and then take a backup after each one.
  12. If your migration tool didn’t move the images, you will want to move your images from the 1.5 site to the 4.x site. Note: keep the /stories directory unless you want to relink all your images. You can start a new organisational structure in the /images directory from here forward if stories is a mess.
  13. Recommended but not required unless you have issues: Fix asset issues. See below for a helpful tool.
  14. If you are going to add anything to your site or use new core features like Tags or Custom Fields, get them set up and configured at this time.
  15. Check your URLs on the Joomla 4 site and compare to the Joomla 1.5 site. If they are different, document each (an excel spreadsheet is helpful) 1.5 URL and what Joomla 4.x URL they will be going to so that you can do redirects and keep your ranking. See:
  16. Take a backup.
  17. Check everything.
  18. Clean up more.
  19. Test everything.
  20. Take a backup.
  21. Move or change or add updated data from the 1.5 site to the Joomla 4 site.
  22. Add google analytics to the template or use a third-party plugin.
  23. Check Global Configuration and make sure all is as it should be.
  24. Take a final backup of the Joomla 4.x site.
  25. Take a final backup of the 1.5 site.
  26. Move your 1.5 site from the root to another subdomain or subdirectory or simply delete it (this is so that you have it again for a brief time if you need to refer to it).
  27. Backup and restore using a suggested tool (below) or simply move files to restore your 4.x site to the root of your hosting.
    NOTE: If you are changing hosts, then you can leave your Joomla 4.x site where it is and simply change nameservers on the domain to make it live. Make sure you’ve addressed any email issues first.
  28. Enable .htaccess if necessary for SEF URLs.
  29. Create a sitemap and submit to Google Webmaster Tools or any other search engine you would like.
  30. Do all your redirects from the spreadsheet you created earlier for URLs that changed in the migration process.
  31. Make any other changes that needed to wait until the 4.x site was live.
  32. Test again.
  33. Take another backup.
  34. Kill any instance(s) of the 1.5 site as soon as possible.
  35. Remove all other dev sites you may have been working with or keep them up-to-date if they are running a current version in order to ward off hack attempts on your server.
  36. Welcome to Joomla! 4.x!

Suggested Tools

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